Echo "dance" of waste from Campania
Chronicle of a political disaster and chain of errors and the responsibility of two regional governments and government.
Joseph Morrone
waste crisis equal to piles of garbage, landfill fires or guarded by the police, Enraged citizens ... But what is the chain of errors, incompetence and malfeasance in fifteen commissarial of bankruptcies and a financial hole of € 2 billion has produced the disaster?
The emergency was declared in Campania since 1994, due to poor management of municipal waste and the illegal spillage of toxic waste, especially in lands including the provinces of Caserta and Naples, from Europe often with the help of eco-mafia, the Camorra in the first place. On these issues, the judiciary and investigators are working long and will tell us, what we know, however, is the chain of policy decisions.
Since the late 90s, with a regional police station and government presided s Antonio Rastrelli (An), in Campania is established a plan for disposal of waste. Despite the Ronchi Decree (Minister of Environment, Greens) predisposes already a requirement to produce quickly a 35% of the total collection, the region is focussing on the "integrated cycle: collection, selection of mechanical Cdr (fuel refusal), tritovagliato and compacted into so-called "eco-bales" (ie selection, virtually non-polluting, the refusal to burn), and incineration of this incinerator with a single (it was originally provided for three, indicating recently taken an order by Romano Prodi). Is already identified the land for the construction of mega-incinerator Campania: Acerra (Na), already widely polluted area, with a considerable concentration of dioxin, and awaiting clearance.
The choice of the region does not consider alternative routes such as the four "r" of the "Zero Waste" (reduction in upstream production, collection, recycling, reuse), composting facilities the plant to cold, even the dump and subsidiaries, or - no dream too - a strict regulation that inform and guide the government heavily local citizens and the collection "door to door." Especially as in Campania and in particular in Salerno there are examples of national excellence in the field (take for example Mercato San Severino or Athena Lucana, touching peaks of 80%). None of that.
Leaving aside the deception inherent in the term "incinerator" (ie converter waste into energy via heat or combustion), in general, since the incineration of waste despite all the positive mediation produces emissions , and specifically the Acerra site in open countryside, poorly connected and the risk of becoming one of the many cathedrals in the non-development South, we come to tender for the award of the construction of same. The announcement came the Rakes in 1999 for the main competitors that are presenting Enel and Impregilo-Fibe Cesare Romiti. Despite the semi-public company had submitted a project it is the most advanced technical level, is the Impregilo-Fibe, best known for building bridges and roads, to capture the public nest egg, suggesting a torn rate, 83 francs per kilogram waste disposed. It 's the market, beauty.
The construction of the incinerator starts and comes up to the present 92% of its final structure created, Antonio Bassolino, meanwhile replaced raking, a regional president and commissioner for the emergency waste, and supports the work - directly or not, is examining the judiciary - the ambiguous function of Impregilo-Fibe (whose top executives are currently on remand for committed several crimes related to Acerra). Everything is going smoothly then? Not really, because the population of Acerra is in revolt and the minute counter-investigations undertaken by Tommaso Sodano, president of the Parliamentary Environment Committee, Communist Refoundation, complain that many things in the contract, the project should not be in the collection. Become material for the judges. The policy did not want to listen to them.
Example better are the "eco-bales", the central point of the plan of 1999, now come to include seven million tonnes of waste plastic into their casings, which continue to be deposited in the 5-6 collection centers in the region. Virtually none has yet been incinerated. And the reason is very mundane, as fans of the incineration (by Veltroni, Berlusconi, Fini and through Prodi's recommended that this newspaper has repeatedly called "the lobby Cip6") continue to support: the entry into operation Acerra plant blocked by the "ideological vetoes" of NIMBY, the "environmentalists no" and so on. etc.. But why, more specifically, as claimed "Opponents", the "eco-bales" are not compatible with the incinerator in question, and perhaps no other: in fact they are not even remotely "eco" as made up mainly of dirt is not dissected, nor selected. In practice, the "eco-bales" is mixed with everything from solid undifferentiated moist, etc.., Only compacted. Would be incinerated in the air to emit anything. With all the risks involved, often unpredictable, as the unknown content of the material to burn.
Moral: those "eco-bales" are non-combustible, unless you want to create a catastrophic situation, and it was on this line attests to the last, the end of February, yet another unholy and the order of Romano Prodi, which states in no uncertain terms, that the "eco-bales", although not in accordance, inter alia, clarifies how a study from the Ministry ' Environment two years ago, will be burned, however, implantation of Acerra and surplus - because the waste pile - in two other incinerators to be built from scratch in S. Maria La Fossa (Caserta) and Salerno.
The "eco-bales", by ownership, by force of circumstances, the Impregilo-Fibe, thus become the example and the paradox of the chain-weighted little choice, if not worse, which led to the current dramatic situation. But it continues as if they were not, in fact, a "dancing", a lie, eco-friendly.
Second paradox: the landfill. Currently the only landfill in Campania, is no coincidence that regional, functional, and the public is to Soprana Macchia, Serre, in the province of Salerno, large but not infinite. This is not the same area that sparked the protests of citizens, last year, when he was concerned the opening of another site nearby, Colonial Valley, close to the natural oasis of lost, but in fact the alternative the latter, indicated by the Province of Salerno and advocated by the Environment Minister Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio. Apart Serre, the rest of the waste is discharged into hundreds of small illegal dumps, especially between Naples and Caserta, who have allowed the territories in question, the so-called "triangle of death" would be regarded as one of the areas with the highest cancer incidence in Europe . These landfills are located within the vast majority of abandoned quarries are controlled by the Camorra. And again, continuing with the packaging of "eco-bales", the waste is scattered throughout the territory of the region in collection centers. The wet, where there is a real collection, he is sent, at very high prices, to Sicily for lack of adequate facilities for composting.
Finding of landfills, or for the storage of "eco-bales", is another mystery. There are two documents: one is the law 87/07, which implements the directives of the plan Bertolaso \u200b\u200b(Commissioner for emergency waste time) by, for each of the five provinces of Campania (in fact they are considered only four, because Caserta is inexplicably ignored) by which a landfill only push waste the territory. Of these four areas mentioned, three (Savignano Irpino for Avellino, Benevento and Terzigno Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte to Naples) are suffering now only checks the first assessment, while Serre (Soprana Spot), went from being a "provincial" a "regional" for obvious reasons, is active and on the brink of exhaustion, so much so that it is gearing up to find another to replace him within the confines of the province of Salerno (there is an indication Salerno provincial administration, to that effect, as regards Serra Arena, an abandoned quarry located on the territory of Caggiano, and placed at the border with Basilicata, but the inability geo-environmental, emphasized loudly by geologists and the local population, the understandable anger over Luke for overrunning, would seem to invalidate it as a hypothesis).
The other document, the less official but no less important, is was compiled by two eminent geologists of the "Federico II" of Naples, Giovanbattista De Medici and Franco Ortolani, for the conference on the City of Naples and the "Southern Italy" (a loose association of individuals to question seriously stretched, through continuous assemblies and a portentous bulletins, scandals, first of morality, in the south), as well as subjected to various commissioners succeeded during the last year in Campania, with Romano Prodi and Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio, never get a shred of response. The study includes a detailed, and duly substantiated map about the indication of a number of sites (5, all located between the high and the Irpinia Benevento, that is, the feuds Ciriaco De Mita and Clemente Mastella ...) perfectly suited to host each, a possible landfill, in terms of logistic, technical and environmental security: not protected natural areas, not located within the perimeters of abandoned quarries, more often in the hands of the Camorra, appropriate distance from population centers, almost total absence of ground water and therefore the risk of leakage of leachate, wide roads and little traffic, and almost ideal means for carrying out the transport of waste, etc.. It 's true that the study would undermine the principle of "provincialization, deadly from the same place as the 87/07 law, but it is equally true, then, that we should give right now, and do not demonize the legitimate grievances of the inhabitants of Terzigno, Sant'Arcangelo, Savignano, Caggiano, and even before, Plain. Even when local protests are mostly driven ingenuity and trivial syndrome NIMBY ("Not in my back yard") rather than the accurate and timely recognition of problems, environmental, logistical and technical, that may arise from opening of disposal sites in unsuitable places. But you know. If there is no politics, no choice but to protest.
Liberation, March 13, 2008
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